Citation (Tomar @ 31/12/2007 - 13:47)

"A study by David Parker published in Nature in November 2004 and in Journal of Climate in 2006 attempts to test the urban heat island theory, by comparing temperature readings taken on calm nights with those taken on windy nights. If the urban heat island theory is correct then instruments should have recorded a bigger temperature rise for calm nights than for windy ones, because wind blows excess heat away from cities and away from the measuring instruments. There was no difference between the calm and windy nights, and the author says: we show that, globally, temperatures over land have risen as much on windy nights as on calm nights, indicating that the observed overall warming is not a consequence of urban development.[13][14]
However, Roger A. Pielke has claimed that Parker 2004 has "serious issues with its conclusions" [2] due to his research published in Geophysical Research Letters which states: "if the nocturnal boundary layer heat fluxes change over time, the trends of temperature under light winds in the surface layer will be a function of height, and that the same trends of temperature will not occur in the surface layer on windy and light wind nights."[3].
Another view, often held by skeptics of global warming, is that much of the temperature increase seen in land based thermometers could be due to an increase in urbanisation and the siting of measurement stations in urban areas [4][5]. However, these views are mainly presented in "popular literature" and there are no known scientific peer-reviewed papers holding this view.
Rengaine habituelle, les sceptiques n'auraient guère que Crichton avec eux, face à l'armada des experts sérieux...
C'est curieux comme le coup du "milieu autorisé" est incessamment reproduit par des alarmistes, alors qu'ils auraient plutôt tendance à rapporter les articles type AFP, Le monde, Newsweek, etc. plus souvent qu'à leur tour.
Si l'on veut (vraiment) des articles sceptiques "peer-reviewed" sur le sujet, ce n'est pas ça qui manque, comme on peut le lire sur:
http://www.climateaudit.org/?p=1813...où David Parker répond à des questions relatives à sa dernière étude sur les îlots de chaleur (2006).
Je copie le message 5 de la discussion qui suit, parce Pielke donne justement quelques références recherchées:
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Roger A. Pielke Sr. says:
July 11th, 2007 at 8:31 am
I am pleased that David replied in depth to your questions. However, he did not address the issues that we raise in our paper
Pielke Sr., R.A., C. Davey, D. Niyogi, S. Fall, J. Steinweg-Woods, K. Hubbard, X. Lin, M. Cai, Y.-K. Lim, H. Li, J. Nielsen-Gammon, K. Gallo, R. Hale, R. Mahmood, R.T. McNider, and P. Blanken, 2007: Unresolved issues with the assessment of multi-decadal global land surface temperature trends. J. Geophys. Res. in press.
http://climatesci.colorado.edu/publications/pdf/R-321.pdfnor that of
Walters, J. T., R. T. McNider, X. Shi, W. B Norris, and J. R. Christy (2007): Positive surface temperature feedback in the stable nocturnal boundary layer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L12709, doi:10.1029/2007GL029505
http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2007/2007GL029505.shtmlwhich shows, among other issues, that minumum temperature trends measured at one level near the surface are not representative of the trends at other levels. This problem is summarized also on Climate Science in a web posting;
“Why there is a Warm Bias in the Existing Analyses of the Global Average Surface Temperature”
http://climatesci.colorado.edu/2006/01/23/...ce-temperature/Moreover, as being documented by Anthony Watts at www.surfacestations.org,
Mahmood, Rezaul , Stuart A. Foster and David Logan, 2006: The Geoprofile metadata, exposure of instruments, and measurement bias in climatic record revisited International Journal of Climatology
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cookie_setting_error.htmlBrooks, Ashley Victoria. M.S., Purdue University, May, 2007. Assessment of the Spatiotemporal Impacts of Land Use Land Cover Change on the Historical Climate Network Temperature Trends in Indiana.
http://www.agry.purdue.edu/climate/dev/publications/t10.pdfHale,R. C., K. P. Gallo, T. W. Owen, and T. R. Loveland, 2006 Land use/land cover change effects on temperature trends at U.S. Climate Geophysical Research Letters
http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2006/2006GL026358.shtmland others there are significant issues with the siting of quite a few stations that comprise the raw data that are used to compute the multi-decadal temperature trends.
I request that David comment on these papers since they directly relate to his studies.
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